mcmahoni, described by Pocock in 1932 from Kootai, Pakistan. rhesus villosus, described by True in 1894, from Kashmir, and M. mulatta, which includes the morphologically similar M. Today, this is known as the Indian rhesus macaque M. Mother Rhesus macaque with her baby in NepalĪccording to Zimmermann's first description of 1780, the rhesus macaque is distributed in eastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, as far east as the Brahmaputra Valley, Barak valley and in peninsular India, Nepal, and northern Pakistan. It is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and its tolerance of a broad range of habitats. A rhesus macaque became the first primate astronaut in 1948, but died during the flight, followed on 14 June 1949 by Albert II, who became the first primate and first mammal in space. It has facilitated many scientific breakthroughs including vaccines for rabies, smallpox, and polio and antiretroviral medication to treat HIV/AIDS. It spends most of its day feeding and resting the rest is occupied with traveling, grooming, and playing.ĭue to its relatively easy upkeep, wide availability, and closeness to humans anatomically and physiologically, it has been used extensively in medical and biological research on human and animal health-related topics. Facial expressions are used to appease or redirect aggression, assert dominance, and threaten other individuals, and vocalisations may be made to elicit grooming, while moving, or in threatening situations. The rhesus macaque communicates with a variety of facial expressions, vocalisations, body postures, and gestures. There has been extensive research into female philopatry, common in social animals, as females tend not to leave the social group. The social groups are matrilineal, whereby a female's rank is decided by the rank of her mother. Like other macaques, the rhesus macaque is gregarious, with troops comprising 20-200 individuals. It will also eat invertebrates, drink water from streams and rivers, and has specialised cheek pouches where it can temporarily store food. Studies show almost 100 different plant species in its diet. It is mostly herbivorous, mainly eating fruit, but will also consume seeds, roots, buds, bark, and cereals. The rhesus macaque is diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrial. Feral colonies are found in the United States, thought to be either released by humans or escapees after hurricanes destroyed zoo and wildlife park facilities. It is native to South, Central, and Southeast Asia and has the widest geographic range of all non-human primates, occupying a great diversity of altitudes and a great variety of habitats, from grasslands to arid and forested areas, but also close to human settlements. There are between six and nine recognised subspecies that are split between two groups, the Chinese-derived and the Indian-derived. The rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta), colloquially rhesus monkey, is a species of Old World monkey.
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